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Forklift Starter and Alternator
Forklift Starters and Alternators - The starter motor these days is typically either a series-parallel wound direct current electric motor that consists of a starter solenoid, which is similar to a relay mounted on it, or it can be a permanent-magnet composition. As soon as current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid, basically via a key-operated switch, the solenoid engages a lever which pushes out the drive pinion which is located on the driveshaft and meshes the pinion with the starter ring gear which is seen on the flywheel of the engine.
The solenoid closes the high-current contacts for the starter motor, that begins to turn. When the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened and a spring inside the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear. This action causes the starter motor to stop. The starter's pinion is clutched to its driveshaft by an overrunning clutch. This permits the pinion to transmit drive in only one direction. Drive is transmitted in this way via the pinion to the flywheel ring gear. The pinion continuous to be engaged, for example in view of the fact that the driver fails to release the key when the engine starts or if there is a short and the solenoid remains engaged. This causes the pinion to spin independently of its driveshaft.
This aforesaid action prevents the engine from driving the starter. This is an important step because this particular type of back drive will enable the starter to spin very fast that it can fly apart. Unless modifications were done, the sprag clutch arrangement would preclude making use of the starter as a generator if it was utilized in the hybrid scheme discussed earlier. Typically a standard starter motor is designed for intermittent utilization which will stop it being used as a generator.
The electrical components are made so as to work for around 30 seconds so as to avoid overheating. Overheating is caused by a slow dissipation of heat is due to ohmic losses. The electrical components are designed to save cost and weight. This is really the reason the majority of owner's handbooks used for vehicles recommend the driver to pause for at least ten seconds right after every ten or fifteen seconds of cranking the engine, whenever trying to start an engine that does not turn over at once.
The overrunning-clutch pinion was launched onto the marked during the early 1960's. Before the 1960's, a Bendix drive was used. This particular drive system works on a helically cut driveshaft that has a starter drive pinion placed on it. When the starter motor starts turning, the inertia of the drive pinion assembly enables it to ride forward on the helix, thus engaging with the ring gear. Once the engine starts, the backdrive caused from the ring gear allows the pinion to go beyond the rotating speed of the starter. At this instant, the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and therefore out of mesh with the ring gear.
In the 1930s, an intermediate development between the Bendix drive was developed. The overrunning-clutch design which was made and launched during the 1960s was the Bendix Folo-Thru drive. The Folo-Thru drive consists of a latching mechanism together with a set of flyweights in the body of the drive unit. This was an enhancement as the average Bendix drive used so as to disengage from the ring when the engine fired, although it did not stay functioning.
As soon as the starter motor is engaged and begins turning, the drive unit is forced forward on the helical shaft by inertia. It then becomes latched into the engaged position. Once the drive unit is spun at a speed higher than what is attained by the starter motor itself, for example it is backdriven by the running engine, and afterward the flyweights pull outward in a radial manner. This releases the latch and enables the overdriven drive unit to become spun out of engagement, therefore unwanted starter disengagement could be prevented prior to a successful engine start.
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